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How to Make Money and Create Community with Monuments - Volume 1

The Contemporary Sculptures on the Fourth Plinth Redefine Trafalgar Square

The Fourth Plinth and Beyond

Originally intended to hold an equestrian statue of William IV, the Fourth Plinth in Trafalgar Square in central London has become the home of rotating contemporary sculptures. These commissions have become some of the most famous public art prices in the world, showcasing what it can mean when squares and other areas of historic significance […]

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The Kelpies Become New Icons for Scotland

Monuments to Horse-powered Heritage of Scotland

Located in the Falkirk Council Area in Scotland, The Kelpies are the highlight of an effort to create a local greenspace that connects and engages with its local communities. These two 30-meter-high horse head sculptures are a feat of engineering that have become known as the world’s largest equine sculptures. The sculptures are monument to […]

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The Wallace Monument Becomes One of Scotland’s Most Celebrated Landmarks

Highlighting the Legacy of Scotland

As one of the most well-recognized figures from Scottish history, it’s fitting that William Wallace has been commemorated in an incredibly profound way in the National Wallace Monument. Better known as the Wallace Monument, the structure is located on a hilltop overlooking Stirling in Scotland and was built to honor the 13th-century Scottish hero. Like […]

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The Bullring Bull Becomes a Symbol for Birmingham and a Shopping Centre Attraction

One of the World's Top Public Works of Art

As the United Kingdom’s largest city center-based shopping complex, Bull Ring & Grand Central attracts audiences from all across the city and the United Kingdom. Located in central Birmingham, thousands of people visit the complex on a daily basis, but the “Bullring Bull” has provided those visitors with something far more profound to experience. In […]

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Monumentous World: The Obscure and Outstanding Monuments in Lisbon, Portugal

From the Monument To Overseas Combatants of Portugal to the equestrian bronze statue of King João I

With a history that stretches back for millenia, it’s no wonder that Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, features monuments whose history is tied to different eras of the city and country. The Monument to the Discoveries as well as the landmarks in Rossio Square have especially notable connections to this history, but statues dedicated to […]

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The Praça do Comércio Becomes More Than the “Door” to Lisbon

Serving a New Function in the Economy of Lisbon

The Praça do Comércio (“Commerce Square” in English) sits right on the Tagus river in Lisbon, serving as a hub for all different types of activities. Commercial ships used to unload their goods directly onto this square to the point that it became known as the “door” to Lisbon that enabled the economy of the […]

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Rossio Square Becomes a Popular Meeting Spot for Lisbon Residents and Visitors

The Most Lively Square in Lisbon

Officially named King Pedro IV Square (Praça Dom Pedro IV in Portuguese), the plaza better known as Rossio Square or Praça do Rossio in the Pombaline Downtown area of Lisbon has been a hub of activity for centuries. It remains one of the liveliest sections of Lisbon with famous shops and notable stores on every […]

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